CSN: Harper to market 'clown question' t-shirts

These days when a comment an athlete makes goes viral, it is only a matter of time before people start producing t-shirts and merchandise. It happened to Robert Griffin III with his 'RG3' moniker and it happened with New York Jets' linebacker Bart Scott when he famously said "can't wait" in a television interview. Both players were pro-active and decided to make merchandise using their famous words.

Now Nationals' outfielder Bryce Harper will do the same with the "that's a clown question, bro" comment he famously uttered last week that took the internet by storm.? Prior to the Nats-Rays game tonight, Harper told Comcast SportsNet's Kelli Johnson that Under Armour will begin selling t-shirts with the now often repeated phrase.?

Harper originally used the phrase when a Canadian reporter asked the 19-year-old a question about drinking last week. It quickly became a sensation on YouTube and was even used by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.) in jest.

Will Harper wear the shirt in public himself? That's a clown question, bro!

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Higgs boson buzz has its ups and downs

M. Kornmesser / ESO

A cartoon view of the Milky Way shows stars bristling with planets. The planets, their orbits and the sizes of their host stars are all vastly magnified in the cartoon.

By Alan Boyle

A statistical analysis based on a survey of millions of stars suggests that there's?at least?one planet for every star in the sky, and probably more. That would add up to 160 billion planets or so in the Milky Way.

"We conclude that stars are orbited by planets as a rule, rather than the exception," an international research team reports today in the journal Nature.

The estimate may sound amazing: Just a year ago, the world was wowed by the claim that?at least?half of the 100 billion or more stars in the Milky Way possessed planets, yielding a figure of 50 billion planets. The latest survey now suggests that there's an average of 1.6 planets per star system, which would work out to 160 billion. But?perhaps the most amazing thing about the findings is ... astronomers don't find them amazing at all.

---

"I am not surprised by the numbers," Didier Queloz, a planet-hunter at the Geneva?Observatory who was not involved in the?survey, told me in an email. Back in 2008, Queloz?was part of a different research team that concluded?one-third of the stars like our sun harbored?super-Earth-size planets ? the kinds of planets that could support life.

Over the past couple of years, findings from a variety of planet-hunting missions ??including NASA's Kepler space telescope, the European Space Agency's COROT telescope and ground-based telescope surveys ? have reinforced the view that planets are plentiful.

"Results from the three main techniques of planet detection are rapidly converging to a common result: Not only are planets common in the galaxy, but there are more small planets than large ones," Caltech astronomer Stephen Kane, a member of the team behind the findings reported in Nature, said in a news release from the Space Telescope Science Institute. "This is encouraging news for investigations into habitable planets."

Six years' worth of data
The new findings draw upon six years' worth of data from two wide-field surveys known as PLANET and OGLE. These surveys use a network of telescopes around the world, scanning the night sky for very rare events in which the light from one star system is?amplified by the gravitational-lensing effect of another star (and ?perhaps a planet) passing in front?of it. This particular planet-hunting method is known as microlensing, as opposed to the transit method (which looks for telltale dips in starlight as a planet crosses its parent star's disk) or the radial-velocity method (which looks for the slight gravitational wobble in a star that has a planet in orbit).

A. Feild / STScI / NASA / ESA

This graphic explains how microlensing is used to detect planets. Click on the image for a larger version.

During their six years of searching, the microlensing researchers?identified only three actual planets. But they combined those detections with seven earlier detections, plus?all the data about non-detections, to arrive at an estimate of how probable it is that planets of different types would be found around a star.

They?estimated that about 17 percent of the stars in the?Milky?Way should host?planets in?the Jupiter?range (0.3 to 10 times as massive as Jupiter), 52 percent should have planets in the Neptune range (10 to 30 times Earth's mass), and?62 percent should have super-Earth-size planets (five to 10 times Earth's mass).

All these figures?are surrounded by wide bands of uncertainty. For example, the researchers say their estimate of 1.6 planets per star system could actually be anywhere between 0.7 and 2.5. But the lead author of the Nature study?told me that?his team's estimate is the best guess yet.

"The average number we find is higher than estimates derived by other methods," said Arnaud Cassan, an astronomer at the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris. That's because the microlensing method can detect planets as small as five times Earth's mass up to 10 times Jupiter's mass,?in orbits?ranging from 0.5 to 10 times as wide as Earth's. Other methods aren't that sensitive, Cassan said.

"If they could detect planets with a range farther out, our guess is that they would find more planets,"?Cassan said.

What are the chances?
The big issue would have to do with how precise the statistical analysis can be with such a small sample of actual detections. Microlensing events are so rare that coming upon even one is like winning the lottery, and that makes the numbers difficult to crunch. But after reviewing the Nature paper, Queloz told me that Cassan and his colleagues conducted "a very good statistical analysis of the microlensing surveys."

Whether the actual number of planets in the Milky Way is 70 billion or 250 billion, it's a big, big number ? 10 to?30 planets for every human on Earth. And the number doesn't even count?worlds that are less than five times as big as Earth (such as Mercury, Venus, Mars and our own planetary home), inside the orbit of Venus?or beyond the orbit of Saturn (such as Uranus, Neptune and the icy dwarfs?on the solar system's edge).

Still more revelations about planets beyond our own solar system are coming up this week, but the bottom line for all this is that there's a big cosmos out there ? with plenty of opportunities for planets and even life to develop. And that'll always be?amazing.

"We used to think that the Earth might be unique in our galaxy," Daniel Kubas, a colleague of Cassan's at the?Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris and a co-author of the Nature paper, said in a news release from the European Southern Observatory. "But now it seems that there are literally billions of planets with masses similar to Earth orbiting stars in the Milky Way."

More about the planet quest:

---

In addition to Cassan, Kubas and Kane, authors of the Nature paper, "One or More Bound Planets Per Milky Way Star from Microlensing Observations," include J.-P. Beaulieu, M. Dominik, K. Horne, J. Greenhill, J. Wambsganss, J. Menzies, A. Williams, U. G. J?rgensen, A. Udalski, D.P. Bennett, M.D. Albrow, V. Batista, S. Brillant, J.A.R. Caldwell, A. Cole, Ch. Coutures, K.H. Cook, S. Dieters, D. Dominis Prester, J. Donatowicz, P. Fouqu?, K. Hill, N. Kains, J.-B. Marquette, R. Martin, K.R. Pollard, K.C. Sahu, C. Vinter, D. Warren, B. Watson, M. Zub, T. Sumi, M.K. Szymanski, M. Kubiak, R. Poleski, I. Soszynski, K. Ulaczyk, G. Pietrzynski and L. Wyrzykowski.

Alan Boyle is msnbc.com's science editor. Connect with the Cosmic Log community by "liking" the log's Facebook page, following @b0yle on Twitter and adding the Cosmic Log page to your Google+ presence. You can also check out "The Case for Pluto," my book about the controversial dwarf planet and the search for new worlds.

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Launch Center Pro for iPhone review

App Cubby's Launch Center Pro is the newer, shinier, big brother to the existing Launch Center app, built with a new kind of power user in mind. The original Launch Center was a great attempt at organizing and enabling URL schemes. URL schemes are a limited way -- and currently the only way -- for apps to send actions to each other in iOS. Many apps support them and the net result is that Launch Center allows users to pre-program certain actions (for instance launching IMDb and immediately grabbing current showtimes for your area) in a list form. In other words, it let you launch actions, not just apps. It was a great start and Launch Center Pro builds on this pedigree, but adds a entirely new level of customization that new users will immediately find accessible, but fiddly (and I mean that in the best way possible) users will dive into and love.

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Swallowed Magnets Growing Problem for Kids, Docs Warn

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Remodeling Your Home with Professional Help - IdeaMarketers.com

by Caldwell Olaf
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Kitchen remodeling, Bathroom remodeling More Details about Kitchen remodeling, Bathroom remodeling here.

Your home may have been ideal (or at least close to that) when you first moved in, but as time goes by and you progress further in your life, you realize that you want to make things a bit better for yourself, and get a little extra luxury thrown in. And there's nothing bad with that -- everyone deserves a better life if they've earned it. It's important to utilize the right companies and tools for this job though, because remodeling your home can be made a lot easier if you work with the proper company on the market. There are various factors that can define the "right" company for home remodeling for your personal needs -- but you'll generally need to be aware of their method of operations. First, start with the obvious -- check for any customer reviews or opinions, published online or elsewhere. This can be a pretty good indicator for whether you're working with a reliable company or not. Note that the lack of any reviews online doesn't mean anything bad for the company -- they may just be relatively new on the market. Insurance is also important -- various things can go wrong in the course of the renovation company's work, no matter how good their workers are. Because of this, it's important to ensure that you'll be insured against any damage that may occur in the renovation process, so you can leave them to work without having to worry about the state of your home when you get back to check it next. More and more people are recognizing the importance of being green in all aspects of our lives nowadays -- and this is reflected in the way some companies work. It's a good idea to work with a remodeling company that's familiar with the concept of working with environmentally friendly equipment and materials, as you'll need to do your duty in protecting our environment when you're providing some extra luxury in your life. In some cases you may also need something about your home's construction changed for safety reasons -- this can include all sorts of details, but one common feature is the lead paint used in older buildings. If your home has been decorated with lead paint, a good remodeling company should be able to take care of that easily and without too much hassle, allowing you to live with your family safely and without having to worry about any harmful substances in the surrounding area. A good guarantee for the longevity of the job that has been done on your home is also something nice to have -- especially if you're ordering a more expensive and complicated remodeling job. Just make sure that the company guarantees that the job has been completed according to the common industry standards and regulations, and that they'll cover any damages that might occur in the future from improperly conducted parts of the job. Knowing that, you should be perfectly fine with the results that you get from your home remodeling, and be able to enjoy a new home for a long time to come.

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New window into earliest Universe

20 June 2012 Last updated at 13:54 ET By Jason Palmer Science and technology reporter, BBC News

Researchers have come up with a way to glimpse the infant Universe by decoding the earliest ripples in its light.

They say this can be achieved by capturing the specific radio wavelength of 21cm from the heavens.

The trick is to tell the difference between 21cm waves from our galaxy and those from distant, ancient sources.

The fact that "dark matter" moved faster than normal matter in the early Universe should help amplify the distant signal, they report in Nature.

That could yield a look at the Universe when it was just 1% of its current age.

The scientists first revealed their 3-D computer simulations on Monday at the Gamma Ray Bursts in the Era of Rapid Follow-up conference, hosted by Liverpool John Moores University.

The current record-holder for the oldest object ever spotted is a galaxy named UDFy-38135539, seen in an optical image captured by the Hubble telescope. Its light escaped more than 13 billion years ago, when the Universe was already a youth of less than 700,000 years.

Continue reading the main story

What is redshift?

• The term "redshift" arises from the fact that light from more distant objects shows up on Earth more red than when it left its source
• The colour shift comes about because of the Doppler effect, which acts to "stretch" or "compress" waves from moving objects
• It is at work in the sound of a moving siren: an approaching siren sounds higher-pitched and a receding one sounds lower-pitched
• In the case of light, approaching objects appear more blue and receding objects appear more red
• The expansion of the Universe is accelerating, so in general, more distant objects are moving away from us (and each other, and everything else) more quickly than nearer ones
• At cosmic distances, the shift can profoundly affect the colour - the factor by which the wavelength is "stretched" is called the redshift

Scientists measure these literally astronomical distances with the "redshift" of a given light source; it is a measure of how much the source's light is stretched as it races away from us in the ever-expanding Universe.

UDFy-38135539 has a redshift of 8.55, but the new work shows promise for looking at stars and galaxies at a redshift of 20.

However, if it works, the view will be a statistical one - astronomers will not actually see individual stars and galaxies, but rather be able to estimate how many objects of what sizes were around in those early days.

But instead of seeing only the largest and brightest objects, as studies with telescopes such as Hubble typically do, it should work down to galactic haloes as small as a millionth the size the Milky Way's halo.

"It's very small galaxies from very far away; it's completely hopeless to see them individually with any telescope in the next few decades," said Rennan Barkana of Tel Aviv University, a co-author on the study.

"That's why this is so interesting - it's an indirect detection of the whole population of these galaxies, but it would be a very clear confirmation that these galaxies are there," Prof Barkana told BBC News.

Dark materials

The 21cm wavelength arises from changes within the atoms of hydrogen, the Universe's most abundant element, and one that can tell us much about the early Universe before heavier elements were formed.

A key insight lies in the different speed limits for dark matter and normal matter in the early Universe, first pointed out in a 2010 Physical Review D paper.

The early Universe was shaped in part by pressure waves - just like sound waves - created in the wake of the Big Bang. Like air molecules shifted around by sounds, these waves carried and distributed normal matter in regular patterns we can now observe.

But dark matter, because it does not interact with normal matter, was not swayed by the waves, responding only to gravity.

The distributions of dark and normal matter in the early Universe changes just where the matter - mostly hydrogen - ended up, in turn changing where the 21cm emission should come from, and how intense it should be.

Averaged over the sky, there should be a greater variation in this signal than we see locally, and the new paper makes the case that heating by X-ray radiation in those early days should make this statistical fluctuation even easier to spot.

Prof Barkana said that although there are no current radio telescope arrays designed to catch these 21cm waves, several are under construction that could be put onto the task.

"This whole subject of 21cm cosmology is about to open up; there are at least four different groups building radio telescope arrays focussing on about redshift 10," he said.

"But until now no one has had the incentive to build an array optimised for this wavelength range."

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